What is love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is love - Research Paper Example It leaves a man puzzled and act totally beguiling. Men are the happiest when they are in love and women are in ecstasy when they are in love. Considering from a scientific point of view, we know these natural instincts are necessary for reproduction and survival of any species on the earth. Psychology states love is intimacy, commitment and passion (Whorts, 2010). Every man and women starts feeling a high rush of adrenaline when they see someone attractive. This feeling is at its height during the natural reproductive years. It subsides gradually in the middle age. Leaving alone the conjugal love, we also have motherly love, sibling love, patriotism, love for puppy, mobile phone, BMW car and many more. Some of these can be termed under likes instead of love. Some of these are unconditional and some of these are totally obnoxious. We mean the word obnoxious in the exact sense. Prior to writing the essay a documentary was shown on Discovery channel named â€Å"Half Ton Son† featuring Billy Robbins a 16 year old overly fat boy. His mother delivered him after losing the first child. She showed all her â€Å"Love† in feeding him excessively, making him the fattest teenage boy in the world. Love can sometimes turn horrible when it exceeds the limit. Wars have been fought on the name of love. Starting from the Helen of Troy to Cleopatra and the latest Monica Lewinsky, men have fought for their lust and greed in the name of love using the women concerned as shield. Agamemnon definitely did not care much about Menelaus or his abducted wife Helen when he invented Troy. But, Paris and Helen’s love was blamed for the destruction of Troy. Everybody knows Blaise Pascal’s famous quote â€Å"Cleopatras nose had been shorter, the whole face of the earth would have changed† (Liveley, 2002). Nobody mentions Caesar’s lustful ambition and her survival war against his mightiness. The mainstream media screamed about former President Bill Clinton

Adrian Frutiger and his fonts and how he influenced typography today Research Paper

Adrian Frutiger and his fonts and how he influenced typography today - Research Paper Example It was not appreciated by teachers who required him to write using formal handwriting fonts. However, his secondary school teachers and his father encouraged Adrians interest in fonts and wanted him to work in printing (Osterer and Stam 14-15). Contrary to peoples expectations, Adrian was interested not only in typing and designing new fonts. He was interested in sculpture when he was a little boy. Despite the life choice of typography as his profession, he did not lose the interest in art, sculpture and music. Education also played an important role in Frutigers development as a designer. When he was 16, he trained to be a compositor. He was educated at the Zurich School of Arts and Crafts where he attended courses of the best professors Walter Kà ¤ch and Alfred Willimann (Osterer and Stam 16-17). The course lasted for two years from 1949 to 1951; calligraphy was one of his subjects (Macmillan 87). In 1952 Frutiger began to work for the foundry called Debenry and Peignot. Charles Peignot recruited him when he saw the brochuse called History of Letters created by Frutiger where he used his skills of engraving. According to Weidemann, this brochure consisted of 9 wooden panels with engraved letters of everything starting from Greek capitals up to humanistic cursives and municules (Osterer and Stam 6). Frutiger created his first font in 1953; it was called Phoebus. His next creation called Ondine was released in 1954. One more font called Meridien was released in 1955. According to Weidemann, those fonts rendered the times when they were created and it added value to them. At the same time, all those fonts were just the beginning of Frutigers career. Once, Frutiger was asked by Peignot to adapt Futura for Photon photosetting machine. According to Macmillan, Frutiger found Futura â€Å"too geometric† and wanted to create his family of fonts that would match in heights and weights (87). In this way, he found

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Essay You are the director of a new production of blood brothers. Give advice to the actors playing the roles of Eddie and Mickey about how to tackle the age changes. You must comment on at least two scenes in detail. If you have seen a production of Blood Brothers you may also refer to this. In the scene when you both meet for the first time you must consider your body language. You must consider how an eight year old would walk and stand. An eight year old would have fewer worries than someone who is older than them so they would walk not really paying much attention to what is around them. You would also have to think how someone who is better off would walk compared to someone who is from a less well off background. You have got to consider how to use the tone of your voice. At first they were a bit shy. But after they first met you would have to consider how an eight year old would not be shy so they would say anything so say your lines so the audience have no clue to what you will say next. Another important factor to consider is the way you deliver your lines. You should deliver your lines in a free flowing way. When they are swearing you should not feel like people might be offended. In the scene when you Mickey and Eddie meet for the first time after they have both moved to the country you should pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both 16 17 years olds. So you have to think about how a 16 17 year old would act. A 16 17 year old would have more problems than a person of 8 years old but still not as many as an older person. You still have to consider how a person who is better off would act compared to a person from the ghetto. Again you would have to consider the tone of your voice. You would expect a teenager to swear more and they may speak with a slight mumble. Again you should consider the way you deliver your lines. In the scene when Mickey is trying to kill Eddie you should again pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both in theyre thirtys. Mickey is depressed and he has a lot of problems an example of which was that he was put in jail for his brother shooting someone. While Eddie on the other hand has few, because he has a successful business. Mickey has just realised that Eddie is seeing his girlfriend Linda. When Mickey is pointing the gun at Eddie, Eddie has to act scared because he fears for his life. Mickey is holding the gun so that he feels in control instead of having Eddie control his life. Mickey has to act confused because Eddie made his life; he gave him a job and a nice home. You again have to consider the tone of your voice. Mickey should say his lines in a sort of stuttery way. Eddie should deliver his lines in a scared voice, while Mickey should deliver his lines in a scared and confused way.

Column and Thin Layer Chromatography Essay Example for Free

Column and Thin Layer Chromatography Essay Abstract Spinach extract was separated into fractions containing compounds of similar polarity by column chromatography. Based on solid-liquid phase partitioning, this separation technique exploited the different polarity of the compounds in the spinach extract. Three fractions with different colors were obtained. The extract and its fractions were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC results showed that there was one compound (Rf=0. 979) in the first fraction; there were three compounds (Rf1=0.839, Rf2= 0.691, Rf3=0.149) in the second fraction; there was one compound (Rf=0.017) in the third fraction. The separations of compounds which went to the first and third fraction were relatively satisfying, while the second fraction had several kinds of compounds. Introduction Chromatography is the separation of compounds or ions by distribution between two phases—a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The technique is based on the differential absorptivities of the constituents between these two phases, due to different properties of the compounds to be separated and the nature of the two phases involved. If one constituent adheres more to the stationary phase than the mobile one, separation will be achieved. There are several different types of chromatography, such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC) and column chromatography. All the chromatographic methods are based on partitioning of molecules between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In order to measure the amount of partitioning between the two phases, each compound has an unique Partition Coefficient (Kp), which is defined as the ratio of concentrations of the compound between the stationary phase and the mobile phase: Kp=[x]sp/[x]mp. Therefore, if Kp is greater than 1, the substance adheres more to the stationary phase; if Kp is smaller than 1, the substance adheres more to the mobile phase; if the Kp is equal to 1, the probabilities of the substance to adhere to the two phases are roughly the same. The Kp value is depended on a multitude of factors: â€Å"polarity, solubility in the solvent, hydrogen bonding, volatility in the case of gas chromatography.† After the injection, the sample molecules will either stay in the mobile phase or adhere to the stationary phase. When the mobile phase is pushed through the stationary phase by the eluent, the mobile phase, the molecules will move through the column at a rate that depends on their different Kp value. For example, if one constituent is more polar than other and adheres more to the stationary phase when the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase, this constituent will lag behind; while the constituent that is less polar and adheres less to the stationary phase will move ahead. In this way, the sample can be separated into fractions containing compounds of similar polarity. The differences among the various types of chromatography are mostly depended on the nature of the two phases involved. Column and thin layer chromatography use solid stationary phase and liquid mobile phase; while GC uses a gas as mobile phase and a liquid as stationary phase. Compared with TLC and column chromatography, GC is a more sophisticated method. Discussion The intent of this experiment was to successfully separate the constituents of spinach extract using column chromatography. The results of the separation were analyzed by TLC to reveal in which fraction the compounds of the mixture were. Since both of the samples of the first fraction and the third had only one developed spot on the TLC plate, the separation of the compounds in the first and third fractions were relatively satisfying. However, there were 3 different compounds reveled for the second fraction. Since the color of the first fraction was yellow and the color of the second and third fractions were green, the major compound in the first fraction should be Carotenes, the yellow-orange pigment; while the major compounds in the second fraction and the third fraction should be Chlorophyll. During the process of column chromatography, the first band gained in the column was very clear and the color was yellow. The second band gained in the column was green and the thickness of t he second band was greater than the first. Also, the green color of the second band varied, and colorless area was observed in the second band. Compared with the first band, the second band showed an unsatisfying separation result. Since there was colorless area and various green colors in the second band, the second fraction must contained several constituents, which was examined by the TLC results—there were 3 developed spots of the second fraction sample on the TLC plate. As for the third fraction, there was no clear band in the column while adding the last eluent. The concentration of the compound in third fraction was relatively small, resulting in a very small Rf value, 0.017. Compared with the spots of the second fraction sample, which had a much clearer spot with similar Rf value, 0.839, the compound in the third fraction must existed in a large amount in the second fraction. In addition, these 2 spots had the same light green color, which can also examine this conclusion. The lower concentration can also due to the unsatisfying spotting. The diameter of the undeveloped spot in the third fraction was larger than the first and second one, because too much solvent was used. Also, multiple times of spotting was needed. Observing the spots color, the clearest spot in the second fraction had a more intense green color, which showed that the compound in this fraction should be Chlorophyll a. While the major compound in the third fraction should be Chlorophyll a, with a lighter color and lower Rf value. The ideal solvent system should result in Rf values ranging from 0.24 to 0.54. However, in this experiment, none of the Rf value was in this range. Therefore, the polarity gradient of the eluents should be narrowed, which can result in more spots in the ideal range. Since there were 3 spots in the second fraction sample, over 4 eluents are needed to give a better separation, assuming the spot with lowest Rf value in the second fraction had the same compound as the spot in the third fraction sample.

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Evaluation Application of community based participatory research (CBPR) approaches when working on collaborative projects Course name: Social and behavioral sciences INTRODUCTION TO CBPR: CBPR (community-based participatory research) is basically a collective approach to examine that equitably includes all members in the examination process and identifies the un-common powers that each one brings. Community-based participatory research starts with an examination topic of significance to the group, has the objective of uniting knowledge with activity and attaining social change to better the health results and remove health inequalities. Community-based participatory research is a registered collective approach that authorizes community inhabitants to more energetically take part in the full range of research (starting from conception, plan, conduct, examination, interpretation, termination, communication of results) with an aim of affecting rearrangement in programs or policies, community health and systems. Community fellows and researchers partner to unite comprehension and activity for social rearrangement to better community health and more often reduce health inequalities. Research/Academic and community members join to produce models and resembles to building capacity, trust and communication, with the final aim of raising community involvement in the research procedure. It is a location to examine which equally includes all members in the research procedure and identifies the unique powers that everyone brings. Upgrading the public health more often necessitates moving far off the standard health care system to intervene integrated and original and new approaches. CBPR has appeared as a substitute research archetype which combines education and social activity to better health and intensify our scientific structure of knowledge in the regions of disease prevention, health promotion and health disparities. It is termed as a successful method for transporting evidence-based studies from clinical programs to communities that can mostly welfare thereby upgrading health. CBPRs community-scheduled research procedures offer the prospective to produce better-enlightened hypotheses, enhance more successful interventions, and develop the transcription of the examination results into the practice. So, CBPR is an important tool for activity-oriented and community-operated public health examination. (NIH) ADVANTAGES OF CBPR: The advantages of community-based participatory research are discussed below:- Giving benefits to the researchers and the community alike through the actions taken and knowledge acquired Developing the use and acceptability of data Raising the validity and quality of examination and research studies Making partners with various expertise to locate and communicate complicated public health problems Remove the cultural gaps and create trust between partners The prospective to transcript examination results to direct the enhancement of future interventions and change in policies Upgrading the implementation and intervention schedules by providing participant retention and enrolment (National institutes of health) IMPLEMENTATION OF CBPR: Quality of research: Writers of meditational studies (either CBPR or traditional) rottenly must put out their result and study attitude in disconnected articles. The character of CBPR further produces this disintegration when years of corporation expansion and teamwork must be distilled to little words in a minute number of journals eager to bring out this more expressive science. This may be why in sequence regarding the performance of CBPR, both in terms of neighbourhood participation and the examination, often was not present in the EPC-reviewed articles. A imperfect number of studies expressive a absolute and fully evaluated involvement—an observational revision or an epidemiologic learning that can be comprehensive beyond the members involved—have been available to date. Restraining factors emerge to be the resounding nature of most Federal supply, funding period extent and flexibility, and the page margins of journals. There was small confirmation to designate that high-class scores in neighbourhood collaboration are connected with low-quality explore scores. Recent singular journal problems focusing on CBPR have led a digit of publications to execute high-quality examine methods. CBPR support initiatives originating with Federal companies have the latent to do the equal. (Agency for health, research and quality) Intensity of Community Involvement: Community participation varied in dissimilar stages of the study. There was sturdy participation in recruiting revise participants, calculating and implementing the intrusion, and interpreting conclusion. Many writers argued that society involvement (particularly in these regions) leads to: Higher participation toll. Bigger external strength. Reduced loss of proceedings. Enlarged personage and community competence. The issues of community participation were not commonly reported, but they may take in: The prologue of selection unfairness (bias in recruitment). Reduced (and sometimes a nonexistence of) randomization. The possible selection of greatly motivated intrusion groups not delegate of the wider population. (AHRQ) CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO CBPR: Community-based participatory research, as a comparatively new tactic, presents with sole problems and challenges for those who are involved in performing this type of examination. These issues relate to implementation within a cross-educational setting, quality and fairness of mutual partnerships, principles, and mechanical issues. Harrisonrecommended the subsequent procedures for fieldworkers who employ in combined research: Be bendable but be familiar with that everyone has restrictions Be enthusiastic to work together by sharing right, responsibility, and glory for success. Give considerate attention to the honest implications of your performance. Apply the notion of culture in each day working associations. Intrinsic in each of these guiding principles are challenges that need to be located. In our CBPR project, we faced technical, ethical, and interpersonal problems that were related to this course of action, as well as some supplementary challenges. Some major issues are listed below: Self-awareness and flexibility Collaboration Ethical issues Working within a civilization other than ones own A pledge of time Change can be frightening Supportability of the project (Holkup, 2004) END RESULTS OF CBPR: Research Quality Improved Results: The inspectors rated the 12 researches with finished involvements for research class and for observance to the ideology of community contribution. On a scale of 1 to 3, advanced scores reflected enhanced quality. The investigation quality scores reflected learning design stubbornness, with investigational studies ranking highest overall. Community contribution scores, though, appeared not as much of closely allied with study intend. And even as the scores on these two presentations extent are not directly equivalent, the average explore quality results ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 with a mean of 2.4, at the same time as the district participation quality results ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 with a mean of 2.3. When the EPC researchers saw the manipulation of community participation on the quality of interventional researches, they exposed 11 of the 12 concluded intervention studies had reported improved intervention superiority. Just two researchers reported improved end results, while eight famous enhanced enrolment efforts, four resulted enhanced research methods and diffusion, and three mentioned improved expressive measures. Very little proof of removed research quality consequential from CBPR was resulted. Capacity of Community and Research: Of the 60 studies revised, 47 resulted in enhanced community connection, together with added grant support and job formation, as a conclusion connected with the study. The writers—naturally academics—normally persisted on the amplified capability of the contributor neighbourhood, quite than that of the follow a line of investigation community. Health End Results: Along with the 12 studies examining finished involvements that play a part in health outcomes, 2 dealt with physiologic health end results, three with cancer screening actions, and four located other behavioural alterations (including alcohol utilization, immunization charge, and protected sex behaviour). At last, 3 studies calculated the impact of the involvement on touching support, empowerment, and member of staff well-being. Agreed the highly mottled health results, measurement procedures, and involvement approaches used, the EPC researchers are powerless to act upon a direct evaluation of studies and their comparative contact on health outcomes. Besides, a nonexistence of cost-effectiveness facts precluded any judgment of results from CBPR studies and those of more conventional research studies. (Health and Human services) CRITERIA OF FUNDING FOR CBPR: Current Approach by Funders: Centres for Disease organization/avoidance and the National organization of Environmental Health Sciences have been at the front position of Federal CBPR financial support to date. Detailed initiatives by these companies contain many of the EPC-reviewed studies. Importance in supporting CBPR at the Federal point is rising, given the current construction of an interagency operational grouping for Community-based Participatory Research. This group has begun combining information on breathing funding systems for CBPR. Consultation with persons from the NIH and CDC worked with producing requests for investigational proposals on precise topics and giving the review procedure less-scored the need for short direction materials (detail sheets) about CBPR for reviewers fewer familiar with this advance. Guiding principle for those writing RFAs intended to hearten CBPR submissions and papers given that direction for researchers presenting CBPR presentations also were suggested. Application’s Criteria: According to the particulars of conversations amid funders and researchers, the development of receiving funding for CBPR programs through conformist review programs can be a hard one. This is frequently as reviewers are less recognizable with (and maybe even sceptical about) the likelihood of integrating high-class straight research within the structure of a CBPR partnership. The EPC researchers acknowledged fairly few first-class finished involvements or observational studies, comparative to what seems to be many outstanding collaborations based on CBPR values. Guidelines for Applicants and Funding Institutions: Researchers produced three brief papers providing direction to funding institutions, applicants and reviewers, based on the EPCs reassess consultation with Federal endowment sources, reviews of financial support grouping Web sites, and the funding criterion mentioned above. The EPC designated to utilize the same re-evaluate criteria frequently used by agencies inside the U.S. subdivision of Health and Human Services in the expansion of these prototypes parameter documents; these criterion are both harmonized and meticulous. These papers (CBPR Exhibits 1, 2, and 3) are accessible on the RTI Web site. Participation in the Review procedure: Dialogue with funding presenters and their check of the narrative led EPC inspectors to counsel the insertion of intellectual experts for the satisfied area, and for CBPR procedures, on project submission reconsider panels. Furthermore, they suggested concerning persons with capability in both arenas. Researchers further recommended the possible value of counting community legislative body, but considered the need to adjust and organization the review panels to straight away and successfully tap into the knowledge of the neighbourhood government. (Department of Health and Human Services) APPLICATIONS OF CBPR IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES: The precedent two decades has experienced a fast propagation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects. CBPR tactic presents a substitute to conventional population-based biomedical studies practices by cheering vigorous and equivalent relationships between society members and educational investigators. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the foremost biomedical research provision for environmental health, is a principal in developing the use of CBPR in areas where community-university relationships provide to enhance our considerate of environmentally associated disease. In this piece of writing, the writers emphasized six key main beliefs of CBPR and explain how these ethics are met within specific NIEHS-supported research inspections. These projects express that community-based participatory research be able to be an efficient tool to improve our information of the reasons and procedures of disorders having an ecological aetiology, decrease d adverse health results through original involvement strategies and strategy change, and concentrate on the environmental health problems of community population. (Liam R OFallon, 2002) USE OF CBPR: Achievement research results improved and more almost whole and accurate information from the society. Connecting the society in study is more likely to gather community requirements. Accomplishment research, by relating community partners, establishes more visibility for the attempt in the society. Society members are more expected to believe the authenticity of the study and buy into its conclusion if they know it was done by people like themselves, conceivably even individuals they know. Achievement research trains inhabitant researchers who can circle their skills to other struggles as well. Participation inCBPR alters individual’s ideas of themselves and of what they can do. Skills educated in the itinerary of action study carry over into other regions of researchers’ life. Aparticipatory deed research procedure can help to fracture down and division hurdles. Research helps individuals to better comprehend the forces that manipulate their lives. Society based action study can move communities toward optimistic social change. (CTB) CONCLUSION: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is receiving raised acceptance among public health practitioners and researchers. But, there are no standard procedures in examining the standard of research methodology, the success of the involvement, and the resulting demands in the literature. The non-appearance of standard procedures precludes significant comparisons of CBPR researches. Many authors have presented a wide set of capabilities required for CBPR study for both organizations and individuals, but the discussion remains shattered. The Prevention Research Centres (PRC) schedule recently began a quality based testing of its national attempts, including an examination of how PRCs intervenes CBPR studies. Topics of attention include the community capacity for research, types of community partnerships, evaluation, factors that help and hinder partner relationships and training. The testing will likely donate to the enhancement of a standard set of capabilities and facilities req uired for effectual CBPR. CBPR has been assigned to as research plus in that, it not only raise the knowledge framework for public health but also guarantees to locate intercession that are available for circulation and are supportable because they have been enhanced with community involvement. An analysis of the quality and quantity of the CBPR written works exposes a picture as diverse as the projects, the communities involved and the researchers. Such utmost variation in methodology and standard does not cause a useful body of understanding. It is thus opportune and essential to describe a core set of expertise and skills required to be a CBPR investigator and describe the important resources and management of infrastructure needed to profitably support CBPR. Normalize the evaluation procedures will enhance the scientific exactness of the research methodology applied and upgrade the field’s capacity to study, comprehend, and rectify complex community health issues. The quality based examination of C BPR scheme within the PRC Program has the possibility to enhance this procedure. Once a concurred-upon set of compatibilities and resources are formed, testing of CBPR itself can start. (Faridi) REFERENCES: Agency for health, research and quality. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm AHRQ. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm CTB. (n.d.). Community Tool Box. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluation/intervention-research/main Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm Faridi, Z. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0182.htm Health and Human services. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/cbprsum.htm Holkup, P. A. (2004, July). ANS. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774214/ Liam R OFallon, A. D. (2002, April). PMC. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241159/ National institutes of health. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://obssr.od.nih.gov/scientific_areas/methodology/community_based_participatory_research/ NIH. (n.d.). National Institute of health. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from www.hhs.gov: http://obssr.od.nih.gov/scientific_areas/methodology/community_based_participatory_research/ 1 | Page

Essay --

Hong 1 Rebecca Hong Ms. Geers English 10H/4 17 January 2014 People Make Choices, Choices Make History The five major types of people involved in any genocide or human rights abuse---perpetrators, victims, bystanders, rescuers, and upstanders---all shape history. People’s choices are always hugely influential in historical events, and the Holocaust is no exception. The perpetrators of the Holocaust were arguably the most influential of the five types of people. They were able to get millions of Germans to turn a blind eye to millions of crimes against humanity. By taking advantage of historical Jewish oppression, utilizing propaganda and censorship to create a strong dominant discourse preaching anti-Semitism in Germany, and creating various us-them mentalities, the perpetrators of the Holocaust changed the identities of bystanders, shaped their choices, and changed history. Bystanders were one of the most pivotal groups of the Holocaust. As Elie Wiesel reminds us, â€Å"The victims perished not only because of the killers, but also because of the apathy of the bystander†¦Those who perished were victims of Nazism and of society† (Why Were There So Few). For the most part, German civilians turned a blind eye, allowing the Holocaust to happen. As a German bystander later recalled, â€Å"If I had refused to take the oath [of loyalty] in 1935, it would have meant that thousands and thousands like me, all over Germany, were refusing to take it. Their refusal would have heartened millions. Thus, the regime would have been overthrown, or, indeed, would never have come to power in the first place†¦Thousands, hundreds of Hong 2 thousands†¦were also unprepared [to resist]†¦Thus, the world was lost† (Do You Take the Oath?). How could milli... ...zens were capable of standing by in the face of genocide. Anti-Semitism was everywhere, and censorship meant that dissent was nowhere to be found. The identities of bystanders changed; the constant propaganda forced Nazi ideology into their identities. As Holocaust survivor Garmaine Pitchon stated, â€Å"I don’t hate the Germans. The Germans are good people. The only people I hate are Hitler and Mengele†¦they killed my family† (Auschwitz, Evil at Play). The perpetrators of the Holocaust are ultimately the ones who corrupted civilians and turned them into bystanders. The perpetrators bombarded the German citizens with propaganda until they â€Å"internalized Nazi allegations†¦[and] excluded entire groups from their universe of obligation† (Vashem), giving in to the dominant discourse of the time. The perpetrators successfully brainwashed millions, in order to kill millions more.

The Works of J.D. Salinger Essay -- Biography Bio

J.D. Salinger: The influence of an author and his writings on 1950s America The end of World War II and the beginning of the 1950s saw a time of prosperity and success in mainstream America. Less than a decade after the United States allied with Great Britain and the Soviet Union, forming one of the most powerful forces in history to defeat the axis powers in the war, the U.S. was deeply entrenched in a nuclear arms race and "Cold War" with the Soviet Union. As a result, the country put on a collective fa†¡ade of stability and strength to cover up many injustices that were taking place during the time. Americans, equipped for the first time in a long while with a good amount of money, flooded to the suburbs and replaced any sorrows they might have had with material products and consumerism -- creating an America of conformity and extravagance that Salinger would devote much of his writing to critiquing. With the publication of Catcher in the Rye in the summer of 1951, America was introduced to Holden Caulfield, a character who would continue to remain in the American psyche for over half a century. Holden was the voice of this young generation who did not seem to have the same conformist attitudes or mainstream goals as their parents. Predictably, this critique of society and questioning of traditional American values was quickly met with an attempt to censor the message of dissent. Beginning in 1954 and continuing for decades, Catcher was criticized for its cynical tone, its "un-American" content, and its foul language ("237 goddams, 58 bastards, 31 Chrissakes, and 1 fart," according to one complaint" Steinle 3). But despite this controversy, and no doubt at least partially because of it, countless numbers of Americans read ... ...es H. "Incommunicability in Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye." Western Humanities Review, XI (Spring 1957), 188-190. (Reprinted in Studies in J.D. Salinger by Marvin Laser and Norman Fruman). Lomanzoff, Eric. "The Praises and Criticisms of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye" (1996) www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm Pinsker, Sanford. "The Catcher in the Rye and All: Is the Age of Formative Books Over?" The Georgia Review 50: 4 (1986): 953-967. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1951. Salinger, J.D. Nine Stories. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1953. Steed, J.P. The Catcher in the Rye: New Essays. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 2002. Steinle, Pamela Hunt. In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Rye Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000.